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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

  • 体测跑800米是噩梦?学会这招轻松跑完******

      最近,不少大学进行了体测,很多跑完800米、1000米的大学生们都会咳个不停。其实,跑完咳个不停,和不当的呼吸方式有关。

      1 跑完步我们为什么会咳嗽?

      当我们跑步速度不快时,用鼻子呼吸就可以满足身体对氧气的需求,而且鼻子呼吸,可以帮助过滤空气中灰尘等颗粒物,气温低时可起到加热空气作用,减少冷空气对气管、肺部的刺激。

      但是当我们进入加速阶段时,仅靠两个鼻孔无法满足对氧气的需求,这时就需要用嘴巴呼吸,但是由于秋冬天气寒冷,气候干燥,寒冷干燥的空气直接进入口腔,会刺激我们的口腔、咽喉和气管黏膜,大脑会判断呼吸道有异物入侵,于是我们就会咳嗽以排除异物,所以跑完咳嗽是我们身体的正常反应。

    体测跑800米是噩梦?学会这招轻松跑完

      机智的网友可能会问:那我不用嘴呼吸,全程用鼻子呼吸不就不咳嗽了吗?

      只用鼻子呼吸可能确实不会咳嗽,但当你需要提速时,只用鼻子呼吸,身体的摄氧量就达不到,就会难受,坚持不下来,否则就只能一直慢跑,无法提速。

      用嘴还是鼻子其实取决于身体对氧气的需求量,并没有绝对统一的标准。所以,跑步时不是绝对地不要用嘴巴呼吸,毕竟嘴巴呼吸可以增加我们的供氧量,提高我们的速度。我们要学会的是正确地用嘴巴呼吸,而不是张嘴,让冷风无情地往里面灌。

    图片

      2 学会腹式呼吸

      我们正常呼吸的时候,使用的是胸式呼吸,主要用的肺的中部和上部呼吸,吸气的时候,腹部提起变小;呼气的时候,腹部放下变大。这种呼吸方式会增加我们的肺部和心脏负担。肺部和心脏必须工作得更勤快,才可以确保氧供应充足。

      腹式呼吸简单地来说就是“鼻吸口呼”。与胸式呼吸相反,腹式呼吸时,吸气的时候腹部鼓起来,呼气的时候腹部下沉。整个过程是靠横膈肌的活动完成的,当吸气时,横膈膜收缩并向下移动,胸部的肌肉收缩以使胸腔扩大,这些动作会扩充胸腔的容量,并将空气吸入肺部,让肺扩张到最大限度,并最大限度地吸入空气,进而可以提高每一次呼吸的氧气吸入量。

    体测跑800米是噩梦?学会这招轻松跑完

      与横膈膜相连的其他解剖结构 图源:《高效呼吸训练:舞蹈、瑜伽、普拉提的功能性练习》,埃里克·富兰克林

      如果找不到感觉,可以把手放在腹部,吸气的时候去感受腹部和手的对抗,呼气的时候感受手随着我们的腹部一起下陷。

      如果呼吸的时候出现憋气或不顺畅,可以保持平静的呼吸,放松之后再进行腹式呼吸。

      学会用腹式呼吸法跑步,鼻吸口呼,寒冷的空气不会直接进入我们的口腔,可以有效避免跑完咳嗽的困扰。

      3 呼吸的进阶——韵律呼吸

      如果你已经学会了腹式呼吸,想在跑步提速的同时更加轻松,可以尝试韵律呼吸。

      韵律呼吸建立在腹式呼吸的基础上,但在节奏上进行了创新,认为应该采用奇数的呼吸模式,即三步一吸,两步一呼,或者两步一吸,一步一呼。

      跑步时,当我们的脚在开始呼气的时候落到地面,会产生最强的冲击力,此时身体的稳定性最差的。如果采用两步一吸,两步一呼,或者三步一吸,三步一呼这种偶数的呼吸模式时,呼气的时候总是落在同一只脚上,身体的冲击力完全由同一只脚承担,容易给脚部造成伤害。

      而韵律呼吸提倡的奇数呼吸模式可以让我们的左右脚落地时轮流呼气,让左右脚均匀地承担身体的冲击力。

      至于是采取三步一吸,两步一呼,还是两步一吸,一步一呼,取决于我们跑步的状态。

      如果是长跑或对速度没有什么要求,可以采取三步一吸,两步一呼,数到3时吸气,再数到2时呼气。如果在比赛时冲刺,或者需要提速,可以采取两步一吸,一步一呼,数到2时吸气,再数到1时呼气。

      感兴趣的朋友不妨尝试一下,学会了呼吸,也许800/100米就不再是噩梦了。

      资料来源:科普中国、全民较真-腾讯新闻、《跑步时该如何呼吸》《高效呼吸训练:舞蹈、瑜伽、普拉提的功能性练习》

      整理:党敏

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